- They use efficient, cost-effective technology, as shown in wastewater treatment and energy systems.
- They employ conservation measures, such as demand-side management that extends the capacity of current infrastructure and reduces operational energy and resource consumption.
- They replace or improve auxiliary equipment, so that components such as pumps and motors become more efficient and use less energy.
- They use energy-monitoring systems to gather quantitative data and control systems to optimize system performance.
- During construction phases, they optimize planning and design (for example right-sizing), pay attention to the embodied energy of materials, and pay keen attention to details that result in durable, energy-efficient facilities that will stay in service a long time. They also minimize waste, using strategies discussed on the Solid Waste page.

Infrastructure changes aimed at sustainability and reducing climate change tend to share a few common themes:
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Produced in partnership with the New York City Department of Design and Construction (DDC), this det...
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