However, there is less information on this issue because of the need to use complex lifecycle assessment methods.
Local governments can reduce construction-related greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging upgrading of existing building stock and by promoting more durable, high-value construction. A move to slightly smaller homes, coupled with more investment in public spaces used by many residents might help further reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
References:
(4) Norman, Jonathan, et. al. 2006. Comparing High and Low Residential Density: Life Cycle Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Journal of Urban Planning and Development,132(1). 10-20
A recent lifecycle cost assessment study(4) suggests that construction of buildings and infrastructure is responsible for about 20 percent of neighborhood energy and greenhouse gas emissions over a 50-year assumed lifespan.
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Trees can reduce local ambient temperatures by 5 degrees. (McPherson et. al, 2003)
